Ajuga’s common names are carpetweed and bugleweed, so you’d be right in assuming that this plant is a vigorous grower. Each growing point on the plant is actually a little rosette of foliage. Ajuga spreads steadily by sending out plenty of wandering stolons, which are essentially horizontal roots growing outward from the plant. From each node on a stolon, the plant sends down roots and forms another crown of leaves—so that as they grow, they create more colonies.
Where to Plant Ajuga
Plant ajuga in USDA Hardiness Zones 3–10. Keep in mind that although ajuga is considered a groundcover, it doesn’t do well with foot traffic. The plant can handle small amounts of trampling but should not be used as a replacement for turf.
How and When to Plant Ajuga
Plant new ajuga plants 10 to 15 inches apart in early spring in rich, slightly acidic soil and in an area in full or partial shade. In mild climates, ajugas can be semi-evergreen. If you have a mild winter, the foliage from last fall may still look good in the spring.
Ajuga Care Tips
Ajuga is a very low-maintenance plant. Because of its small stature, it doesn’t need to be cut back each spring, and the flowers don’t need any deadheading.
Light
Picking the right site for your ajuga can be variety specific, especially depending on the color of the foliage, Many prefer to grow in shade, but in general, it can handle locations from sunny to shady. The deep, shiny burgundy foliage varieties are a bit more dull and may take on some green in full shade, but they’ll still grow just fine. Overall, the color of the fancy foliage is at its best with a half day of sun.
Soil and Water
Ajuga does best in well-drained, moist soil, but it can handle drought and dry soil. Some of the miniature varieties make great additions to trough gardens and containers. The biggest concern is that the plant doesn’t get too wet because crown rot is a common problem. To prevent this, make sure to site your plants accordingly.
Fertilizer
Ajuga plants are light feeders, and fertilization is not necessary. If you fertilize them at all, wait until late spring or early winter and use a slow-release granular fertilizer.
Pests and Problems
Crown rot can be a big problem for ajugas during warm, wet, or humid weather. It causes sudden wilting and yellowing of the ajuga, and the plants’ stems turn black and rot. If this happens, remove and destroy the plant and the soil around it immediately to prevent the spread of this fungal disease. Disinfect your tools with a mixture of one-part bleach to nine-parts water to prevent transmitting the disease to other plants. Like many garden plants, ajuga can be infested with aphids. Spray these insects off with a strong stream of water.
How to Propagate Ajuga
Ajuga is most easily propagated by division. In early spring or fall, use a sharp shovel to cut a section of stolon that contains nodes from an existing plant. Replant it, and soon roots and leaves grow to form a new plant. If you don’t have an existing plant to divide, sow seeds indoors in early spring. As the plants grow, move them to increasingly larger containers. Wait until summer to move them outside to the garden.
Types of Ajuga
Bugleweed
Ajuga reptans forms a low-growing mat 4 inches tall with flower spikes up to 9 inches tall. Many forms with variegated foliage are available. Zones 4-9.
Carpet Bugle
Ajuga genevensis is a relatively uncommon form that works well as a showy groundcover in partial shade. Most forms have blue blooms, but white and pink types are also available. Zones 3-8
‘Black Scallop’ Ajuga
Ajuga reptans ‘Black Scallop’ features shiny, dark purple leaves and springtime blue flowers. It’s striking in containers. Zones 3-9
‘Burgundy Glow’ Ajuga
Ajuga reptans ‘Burgundy Glow’ features foliage that ranges from green to purplish maroon. In spring, blue flowers rise above the colorful foliage. Zones 3-9
‘Chocolate Chip’ Ajuga
Ajuga reptans ‘Chocolate Chip’ is a miniature hybrid with narrow burgundy leaves and purple blooms in spring. Zones 4-9
‘Dixie Chip’ Ajuga
Ajuga reptans ‘Dixie Chip’ is a variegated selection that offers foliage streaked with white, cream, and pink. It’s decorated with blue flowers in spring. Zones 3-9
‘Silver Beauty’ Ajuga
Ajuga reptans ‘Silver Beauty’ is a quick-growing selection with silvery-green leaves edged in white. It bears small spikes of blue flowers in spring and grows 1 foot tall and 2 feet wide. Zones 3-9
Ajuga Companion Plants
Coralbells
Exciting new selections with incredible foliage patterns have put coralbells on the map. Previously enjoyed mainly for their spires of dainty reddish flowers, coralbells are now grown as much for the unusual mottling and veining of their different colored leaves. The low clumps of long-stemmed evergreen or semi-evergreen lobed foliage make coralbells fine groundcover plants. They enjoy humus-rich, moisture-retaining soil. Beware of planting them in areas with very cold winters.
Fothergilla
A North American native, fothergilla deserves a place in every shade garden for its honey-sweet, brushy blooms, fiery fall foliage, and open, airy habit. The tangled branch structure intrigues in winter landscapes. Easy to care for, fothergilla requires no pruning. The leathery leaves have lighter undersides and turn shades of red, orange, and bright yellow in fall.
Bleeding Heart
You’ll quickly realize the origin of bleeding heart’s common name when you look at its heart-shaped pink or white blooms, each with a protruding tip at the base of the blossom. They grow best in partial to full shade in moist, well-drained soil. Some types bloom only in the spring, while others bloom in spring, summer, and fall, provided temperatures aren’t too high.
